C :

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 10
int main()
{
	char ch[N];
	int i;
	for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		scanf("%c", &ch[i]);
		getchar();
	}
	for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		if('0' <= ch[i] && ch[i] <= '9')
		{
			printf("数字字符\n");
		}
		else if('A' <= ch[i] && ch[i] <= 'Z')
		{
			printf("大写字母\n");
		}
		else if('a' <= ch[i] && ch[i] <= 'z')
		{
			printf("小写字母\n");
		}
		else if(ch[i] == ' ')
		{
			printf("空格\n"); 
		}
		else
		{
			printf("其他字符\n");
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

C++ :

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
char a;
int main()
{
	a=getchar();
	if(a>='a'&&a<='z')cout<<"小写字母";
	else if(a>='A'&&a<='Z')cout<<"大写字母";
	else if(a>='0'&&a<='9')cout<<"数字字符";
	else if(a==' ')cout<<"空格";
	else cout<<"其他字符"; 
   return 0;
}